Music

The music performed in the Camp ranged from popular and light classical pieces to Beethoven symphonies and chamber music. The Camp was fortunate in having two orchestras which had been established in previous camps. The prisoners from the M.A.K. (sometimes abbreviated as M.A.)¹ also established an orchestra in the camp. The name of the Tokushima Orchestra explains its origin. The Engel Orchestra was established in Marugame by Paul Engel,its conductor,who was a professional musician. Beethoven’s 4^{th 2} and 9^{th 3} symphonies were performed by the Tokushima Orchestra, while the 5^th was performed by the Engel Orchestra in April 1918⁴ and again in October 1919⁵. Although the newspaper dealt with the 9^th in considerable length prior to the performance, there is, unusually, no account of the event apart from an entry in the Camp Chronicle. Despite this, it eventually led to the well established Japanese tradition of performing the symphony (“daiku”) in Osaka at New Year. It is worth noting that in Kurume⁶, where they admittedly had about three hundred prisoners more than Bando, they achieved a larger and more varied musical repertoire – including the 9^th.

The fact that the orchestras did not amalgamate show a general tendency in the camp for old allegiances to persist. This can also be observed in sporting events and in the various celebrations of the Kaiser’s birthday in January 1918 ^7,8, although in the case of the latter, space will also have been a consideration.

There were a number of chamber music evenings. The third one, in which Paul Engel and Carl Wunderlich played Beethoven’s Kreutzer Sonata was obviously particularly memorable. Rudolf Mahnfeld frequently wrote insightful introductions to - and reviews of – performances of classical music:

Most of the programs for the concerts were artistic and carefully prepared.

It would be a mistake to think that all the concerts only contained serious classical music. For example, on the 20^th of January 1918 the Tokushima Orchestra held an Operetta Evening⁹, while the concert on the 21^st of July 1918¹⁰ was “a combination of serious and cheerful”.

There were also a number of brass bands in the camp, and they often played in the open air when the weather allowed. The 23^rd Concert of the M.A. Brass Band¹¹ gives a typical example of the music played.

There was a lieder recital¹² on the 21^st of April 1918. The camp also had several choirs, one of which was led by Paul Moltrecht. A typical concert¹³ was given on the 20^th of October 1918, while Peter Janssen`s choir gave one of its concerts¹⁴ on the 9^th of March 1919.

Footnotes

• 1.Marineartillerie Kiaochow: Naval Artillery Kiaochow
• 2.#1.22: The Tokushima Orchestra’s Beethoven Evening, Page 10
• 3.#2.16(42): Camp Chronicle, Page 14
• 4.#2.05(31): Ludwig van Beethoven's 5th Symphony, Page 9
• 5.#4.06(85): The 2nd Beethoven Evening by the Engel Orchestra, Page 78
• 6.#3.23(76): The exhibitions in Kurume and Ninoshima, Page 5
• 7.#1.19: several articles
• 8.1.20: several articles
• 9. #1.19: Concerning the 14^th concert of the Tokushima Orchestra on the 20th of January, Page 5
• 10. #2.18(44): 19^th Concert of the Tokushima Orchestra, Page 7
• 11. #2.26(52): 23^rd Concert of the M.A. Brass Band, Page 11
• 12. #2.5(31): Song recital on the 21^st of April 1918, Page 7
• 13. #3.4(57): Song recital by the Moltrecht Choir on the 20^th of October 1918, Page 12
• 24. #3.24(77): Song Recital by the Camp Choir, Page 6

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